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Crisis and Learning: A Conceptual Balance Sheet

E Stern (1997) Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management

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99

Summary

  • Yet many scholars, including Etheredge 1985 himself, are markedly skeptical about the learning capacity of policy-makers and governmental organizations and argue that governments learn poorly or slowly at best (Sabatier, 1987; Lebovic, 1995: 835).
  • It has been hypothesized by a number of scholars (George, 1980; Goldmann, 1988; Young, 1989; Olsen, 1992) that conditions associated with policy crises, and their aftermath, may facilitate learning and change and contribute to overcoming the governmental inertia and political dynamics which often inhibit learning under ‘normal’ conditions.
  • Crisis experiences tend to re-order the political agenda, stimulate an appetite for change and reform on the part of the electorate and the mass media and, thus, create moments of political possibility, ‘policy windows’ (Kingdon, 1984), which create opportunities for agile reformers before they close.
Commerce and Management
Human Science
Law
Medical and Health Science
99
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Organizational Learning Under Fire: Theory and Practice

KM Carley, JR Harrald (1997) American Behavioral Scientist

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68

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  • There is no summary for this article.
Education
Human Science
Language and Culture
Psychology
68
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School reform and transitions in teacher professionalism and identity

C Day (2002) International Journal of Educational Research

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140

Summary

  • As a consequence of (imposed) changes in the control of curriculum and assessment and increased measures of public accountability, teachers in most countries now work within cultures in which their careers are ever more dependent upon external definitions of quality, progress and achievement for their success.
  • Although many experienced teachers have maintained their identities, finding room to manoeuvre within a general reduction in their traditional classroom autonomy, the pressure on these and younger colleagues is to comply with competency based agendas.
  • In such cultures, attention to teachers’ identities—arguably central to sustaining motivation, efficacy, commitment, job satisfaction and effectiveness—has been limited.
Education
140
citations
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Working in Practice But Not in Theory: Theoretical Challenges of “High-Reliability Organizations”

TR Laporte, P Consolini (1991) Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory

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77 *

Summary

  • During the past 15 years, risk analysis has come of age as an interdisciplinary field of remarkable breadth, nurturing connections among fields as diverse as mathematics, biostatistics, toxicology, and engineering on one hand, and law, psychology, sociology, and economics on the other hand.
Commerce and Management
Human Science
77
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Being better by being right: Subjective group dynamics and derogation of in-group deviants when generic norms are undermined.

J Marques, D Abrams, RG Serôdio (2001) Journal of personality and social psychology

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162

Summary

  • The authors predicted that derogation of group deviants depends on the extent to which in-group norms or values are validated or undermined in a social context.
  • In Experiment 2 participants derogated in-group deviants more than out-group deviants and than noncategorized individuals, but only when normative in-group members lacked uniformity.
  • These results are consistent with previous research on the black sheep effect (J. M. Marques, V. Y. Yzerbyt, & J. -P. Leyens, 1988) and with the model of subjective group dynamics (D. Abrams, J. M. Marques, N. J. Bown, & M. Henson, 2000; J. M. Marques, D. Abrams, D. Paez, & C. Martinez-Taboada, 1998).
Commerce and Management
Human Science
Psychology
162
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Blindsided? September 11 and the Origins of Strategic Surprise

CF Parker, EK Stern (2002) Political Psychology

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50

Summary

  • Drawing inspiration from the political psychological literature on strategic surprise, this article poses the deceptively simple question of why so many U.S. policymakers were caught so woefully off guard last year.
  • Through a preliminary empirical exploration of three broad explanatory “cuts” derived from the relevant interdisciplinary literature—psychological, bureau–organizational, and agenda–political—the authors seek to shed light on the sources of failure that may have contributed to 9/11 and point to promising avenues of investigation for future research as the available empirical record becomes more complete.
Human Science
Medical and Health Science
Philosophy and Religion
Psychology
50
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Life cycle sustainability assessment of products: (with Comments by Helias A. Udo de Haes, p. 95)

W Kloepffer (2008) The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment

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249

Summary

  • It is a very important point that different life-cycle based methods (including Social Life Cycle Assessment ‘SLCA’) for sustainability assessment use consistent — ideally identical — system boundaries.
  • This requirement includes that in LCC the physical life cycle (‘from cradle-to-grave’) is used instead of the frequently used marketing life cycle (‘from product development-to-end of market life’).
  • The central problems seem to be how to relate the social indicators (social impact assessment) to the functional unit of the product-system and how to restrict the many social indicators proposed to a manageable number.
Built Environment and Design
Engineering
Environmental Science
249
citations
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Understanding HRD: a research based approach

J Mcgoldrick, J Stewart, S Watson (2002) International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management

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14

Summary

  • This paper essentially explores the theoretical perspectives of Human Resource Development (HRD), by providing an overview of the range of theoretical paradigms, which are applied in both the USA and Europe.
  • This affords a deeper understanding of the academic boundaries and scope of the discipline of HRD.
  • It applies a conceptual framework to a comparative analysis of current research in HRD, facilitating analysis in relation to theoretical stance, empirical contexts and methodological position for a range of specific research projects and the wider research community, as reported in recent literature.
Commerce and Management
Economics
14
citations
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Folk biology and the anthropology of science: Cognitive universals and cultural particulars

S Atran (1998) The Behavioral and brain sciences

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303

Summary

  • The example is folk biology, whose cultural recurrence issues from the very same domain-specific cognitive universals that provide the historical backbone of systematic biology.
  • These findings cannot be explained by domain-general models of similarity because such models cannot account for why both cultures prefer species-like groups, although Americans have relatively little actual knowledge or experience at this level.
  • Structural aspects of folk taxonomy provide people in different cultures with the built-in constraints and flexibility that allow them to understand and respond appropriately to different cultural and ecological settings.
Information and Computing
Medical and Health Science
Psychology
303
citations
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Being better by being right: Subjective group dynamics and derogation of in-group deviants when generic norms are undermined.

J Marques, D Abrams, RG Serôdio (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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101

Summary

  • The authors predicted that derogation of group deviants depends on the extent to which in-group norms or values are validated or undermined in a social context.
  • In Experiment 2 participants derogated in-group deviants more than out-group deviants and than noncategorized individuals, but only when normative in-group members lacked uniformity.
  • These results are consistent with previous research on the black sheep effect (J. M. Marques, V. Y. Yzerbyt, & J. -P. Leyens, 1988) and with the model of subjective group dynamics (D. Abrams, J. M. Marques, N. J. Bown, & M. Henson, 2000; J. M. Marques, D. Abrams, D. Paez, & C. Martinez-Taboada, 1998).
Commerce and Management
Human Science
Psychology
101
citations
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Building teachers' capacity in formative assessment: The Singapore example

K Koh, et al. (2015) The New Educational Review

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6 *

Summary

  • The study was carried out through an exploratory case study in a Singapore school.
  • Our study shows that while the teachers find formative assessment beneficial, they do not have sufficient knowledge of it and face the challenges of heavy workload, time pressure and lack of confidence.
  • The results serve to inform policymakers and educators of the need to provide effective and sustained teacher professional development in formative assessment as well as continual teacher support and collaboration.
Built Environment and Design
Education
6
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A Thought of Legal Research with Examples and Demonstrations

K Kim (2015) SSRN Electronic Journal

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3 *

Summary

  • The lawyers may need to serve their clients who like to know the legal issues involved, the strategies to deal with their loss and recovery, and prospect for winning the case if the dispute has gotten worse.
  • Since he needs to focus their attention on other matters, such as the business expansion of his law firm or more lucrative cases in need of career hands, he may tap the junior lawyer for the legal research, who could assist with the basis of his final legal opinion.
  • For the lawyers and legal researchers, the structure of state and federal legal system is the kind of important variants to orient their work direction and basic frame for the most efficient and adequate scope of search and analysis.
3
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Self-Categorization and Leadership: Effects of Group Prototypicality and Leader Stereotypicality

SC Hais, MA Hogg, JM Duck (1997) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

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106

Summary

  • Abstract(From the chapter)This reprinted chapter originally appeared in (Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1997[Oct], Vol 23[10], 1087-10990.
  • Under condition of high or low group salience, and in anticipation of a group activity, 184 Ss evaluated the leadership effectiveness of a randomly nominated leader who was group prototypical or nonprototypical and whose behaviour was stereotypical or nonstereotypical of a leader schema.
  • As predicted f4rom the authors' self-categorization analysis, group prototypicality was a significant basis for leadership for Ss who identified with the group but not for thos4e who did not.
Psychology
106
citations
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Gender Politics: A Breakthrough for Women?

J Lovenduski (1997) Parliamentary Affairs

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51

Summary

  • There is no summary for this article.
Human Science
Law
51
citations
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Moral minds: how nature designed our universal sense of right and wrong

H Haste (2009) Journal of Moral Education

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75

Summary

  • There is no summary for this article.
Built Environment and Design
Education
Philosophy and Religion
75
citations
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WICS as a model of giftedness

RJ Sternberg (2003) High Ability Studies

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133

Summary

  • WICS stands for Wisdom, Intelligence, Creativity, Synthesized.
  • The article considers the relation between giftedness and expertise, and argues that giftedness is, ultimately, expertise in development.
  • One cannot clearly distinguish between giftedness and expertise, because all measures of giftedness assess some kind of expertise, at least to an extent.
Built Environment and Design
Education
133
citations
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What is Motivational Interviewing?

S Rollnick, WR Miller (1995) Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy

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1053

Summary

  • Motivational interviewing is a directive, client-centred counselling style for eliciting behaviour change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence.
  • This article seeks to define motivational interviewing and to characterize its essential nature, differentiating it from other approaches with which it may be confused.
  • A brief update is also provided regarding (1) evidence for its efficacy and (2) new problem areas and populations to which it is being applied.
Medical and Health Science
Psychology
1053
citations
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Learning as boundary-crossing in school–university partnership

AB Tsui, DY Law (2007) Teaching and Teacher Education

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68

Summary

  • This paper points out that globalization has raised fundamental questions about knowing and learning and that it is essential for educators to engage in collective knowledge generation by crossing community boundaries.
  • Drawing on the theoretical framework of Activity Theory, this paper reports on a study on the expansive learning that was afforded by a school–university partnership as university tutors, mentor teachers and student teachers engaged in a new activity system mediated by lesson study.
  • The study showed that in the course of resolving contradictions that were inherent in the boundary zone, they negotiated the mediating tool and consequently, the activity system was transformed from helping student teachers learn to teach into learning for all participants.
Built Environment and Design
Education
68
citations
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Science education for environmental awareness: approaches to integrating cognitive and affective domains

M Littledyke (2008) Environmental Education Research

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76

Summary

  • The article argues that the cognitive and affective domains need to be explicitly integrated in a science education that informs environmental education, as a sense of relationship is essential for environmental care and responsibility leading to informed action.
  • The features of such approaches to science education are discussed through analysis of the impact of modern and constructive postmodern science education models on environmental education, and possible strategies for making connections between cognitive and affective domains are proposed.
  • The analysis incorporates the development of positive approaches to science and environmental issues through teacher modelling of biophilic behaviour, active learning through constructivist pedagogy, the politicisation of science education to address social and environmental issues, suitable experiences of natural environments and living organisms, and science curricula that emphasise conceptual integration to demonstrate complex environmental effects, including the environmental consequences of human behaviour.
Built Environment and Design
Education
Environmental Science
76
citations
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Role of Working‐Memory Capacity in Cognitive Control

R Engle (2010) Current Anthropology

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63

Summary

  • Domain-specific aspects of working memory, such as the phonological loop and store and the visual and spatial stores, are important to the performance of many real-world tasks and were probably important to the evolution of the modern mind.
  • The domain-general aspect of working memory-attention control-on the other hand, has established reliability and validity of measurement.
  • Individual differences in domain-general working-memory capacity have been shown to be important to a wide range of both speech-based and visual/spatial-based tasks.
History and Archaeology
Human Science
Law
63
citations
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